Supplements

Vitamin D3 supports bone health by enhancing calcium absorption and promoting immune function. It is often used to address deficiency, support mood, and maintain overall wellness, especially for those with limited sun exposure.

Whey protein is a high-quality protein supplement derived from milk, known for its rapid absorption and support for muscle recovery and growth.

Omega-3 is an essential fatty acid that supports heart health, brain function, and may help reduce inflammation. It is commonly used to promote joint health and immune support.

Magnesium is an essential mineral that supports muscle and nerve function, promotes relaxation, and contributes to bone health. It is commonly used to alleviate muscle cramps, support sleep quality, and help manage anxiety and stress.

Vitamin C is an essential nutrient that supports immune function, promotes healthy skin, and aids in iron absorption. It is commonly used to boost immunity, enhance collagen production, and support overall antioxidant defense.

Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in energy production, nerve function, and the formation of red blood cells. It supports metabolic processes and is often used to address deficiencies, particularly in individuals with dietary restrictions or absorption challenges.

Probiotics are live bacteria that support gut health and digestion. They help maintain a healthy digestive system and may boost immune function.

Melatonin is a natural hormone supplement that supports the regulation of sleep-wake cycles, helping to improve sleep quality and address insomnia or jet lag.

Collagen supplements support skin health and joint function, promoting elasticity and reducing discomfort, while also benefiting nail and hair strength.

Elderberry is a natural supplement known for its immune-supporting properties and antioxidant benefits. It is often used to support overall wellness, particularly during cold and flu season.

Creatine is a widely recognized supplement that enhances muscle strength, power, and endurance, commonly used by athletes and bodybuilders to improve high-intensity performance.

Biotin is a B-vitamin that supports hair, skin, and nail health, while also playing a role in energy metabolism.

Lutein is an essential carotenoid antioxidant that supports eye health and vision. It is commonly used to protect against age-related macular degeneration and promote overall visual function.

Milk Thistle is an herbal supplement that supports liver health and detoxification. It is traditionally used to promote liver function and contains antioxidants that help protect the body from oxidative stress.

Ginkgo Biloba is a herbal supplement known for its potential cognitive support, often used to enhance brain health and mental clarity. It may also support blood circulation, promoting overall well-being.

Spirulina is a nutrient-rich algae supplement providing vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. It supports overall health, boosts energy, and aids in detoxification, making it a popular choice for those seeking a natural, plant-based supplement.

Zinc is an essential mineral that supports immune function, aids in wound healing, and promotes overall health. It is vital for enzyme function, DNA synthesis, and hormone production.

MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane) is a sulfur-containing compound that supports joint health and connective tissue function. It is often used to reduce inflammation and improve joint mobility, while also acting as an antioxidant to protect cells from oxidative stress.

Turmeric Curcumin supports joint health and may help reduce inflammation. It is known for its antioxidant properties and is often used to support overall wellness and digestive health.

Maca Root is a traditional Peruvian adaptogen known to boost energy, stamina, and hormonal balance. It supports mental clarity and overall well-being, often used to enhance vitality and resilience to stress.

Selenium is an essential trace mineral that acts as a powerful antioxidant in the body, supporting immune function and overall health. It plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative damage and is important for thyroid function and hormone metabolism.

Ashwagandha is an adaptogenic herb traditionally used to support stress relief, energy levels, and sleep quality. It may help reduce cortisol levels, promote overall well-being, and enhance cognitive function.

Chlorella is a nutrient-rich algae supplement that supports detoxification and immune function, providing essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants to promote overall well-being.

Astaxanthin is a potent antioxidant that supports eye health, protects the skin from sun damage, and promotes brain function. It is commonly used to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, supporting overall well-being.

L-Carnitine is a naturally occurring compound that supports energy production by transporting fatty acids into the mitochondria to be converted into energy. It is commonly used to support heart health, enhance exercise performance, and aid in weight management.

PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone) is a vitamin-like compound that supports cellular energy production and mitochondrial function. It acts as a potent antioxidant and is often used to enhance energy levels and support cognitive health.

Saw Palmetto is a herbal extract commonly used to support prostate health and urinary function, particularly in men. It may help alleviate symptoms associated with an enlarged prostate and support hormonal balance.

DIM (Diindolylmethane) is a natural compound found in cruciferous vegetables that supports hormone balance and estrogen metabolism. It is often used to promote women's health, alleviate menopausal symptoms, and support prostate health in men.

Alpha Lipoic Acid is a powerful antioxidant that helps neutralize free radicals and supports energy production. It is commonly used to promote overall health and vitality.

Rhodiola Rosea is an adaptogenic herb known to support mental clarity, stress resilience, and mood balance. It is often used to enhance mental performance, reduce fatigue, and promote overall well-being.

DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone) is a hormone supplement often used to support hormonal balance, energy, and vitality. It may also be taken to promote anti-aging benefits and overall well-being.

GABA is a neurotransmitter that supports relaxation, reduces anxiety, and promotes better sleep quality.

L-Theanine (L-gamma-glutamylethylamide) is an amino acid found in green tea. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 31 randomized trials suggests a single 200 mg dose may improve choice reaction time, with modest and less certain effects on stress and mood (PMID:42410082).

Bacopa monnieri is a herb with a long history of use in India, studied mainly for cognitive outcomes in older adults, emotional symptoms in Parkinson's disease, and some ADHD symptom measures. Several key findings come from multi-herb formulations, and evidence is mixed and often low certainty, so expectations should stay modest.

Lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus) is a culinary-medicinal mushroom studied mainly for compounds that may support nerve growth factor signaling, plus immune and gut-related effects. Human evidence remains limited and mostly preliminary.

Panax ginseng is a traditional Asian root now studied in randomized trials for fatigue, glucose metabolism, psychomotor function and cognition. Evidence is mixed but generally suggests a favorable safety profile in monopreparations.

Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone/ubiquinol) is a fat-soluble antioxidant studied mostly as an adjunct within clinician-directed care in cardiovascular and fertility research. Pooled randomized trials report a modest systolic blood pressure reduction and other outcome signals of low to moderate certainty, with a generally reassuring reported safety record.

Saffron extract is studied for mood, sleep, and cognition, but findings depend heavily on the population and product. Evidence suggests possible benefits in some clinical or symptomatic groups, while high heterogeneity, publication bias, small samples, short durations, and limited healthy-adult cognition data restrict confidence.

Cocoa flavanols may produce small blood-pressure changes in some studies, but results are heterogeneous and evidence does not support cognitive enhancement in older adults. Effects depend on the specific cocoa matrix, flavanol dose, and population studied.

Inositol has been studied mainly in people with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), not as a general nootropic or proven fertility treatment. Research reports some possible metabolic, hormonal, ovulation, and cycle-regularity signals, but international guideline evidence review judged the overall PCOS evidence limited and inconclusive (PMID:38163998).

Tart cherry products have limited, mixed evidence for sleep and exercise recovery, plus preliminary signals for uric acid and gout-related outcomes. Study results vary by population, product, and outcome; they do not establish tart cherry as a treatment for insomnia, gout, or exercise injury.

Human research on phosphatidylserine, largely soy-derived, is mixed and limited. Larger placebo-controlled trials in older adults with memory complaints found no overall cognitive advantage, while some subgroup and preliminary findings require cautious interpretation (PMID:11842880, PMID:21103034, PMID:23723695).

Citicoline has limited, mixed clinical evidence that varies by population and outcome. Some memory findings are positive, but review-level evidence highlights poor study quality, bias concerns, and null results in acute stroke.

Taurine has been studied in randomized trials and meta-analyses for changes in cardiometabolic surrogate markers, but findings are generally modest and heterogeneous. Available evidence does not establish that taurine prevents or treats any disease, and trial results may not apply to all people or products.

Berberine has been studied for short-term changes in glucose and lipid markers, but findings vary by population, study design, formulation, and whether it was used with diabetes medicines. It is not a substitute for medical care, and its glucose-lowering potential and broad interaction risk warrant clinician review.

N-acetylcysteine, or NAC, has mixed clinical evidence that varies substantially by population and outcome. It should not be assumed to reproduce medical use or to provide benefits in people outside the studied groups.

Resveratrol research shows limited, mixed signals across cognition, vascular, and metabolic outcomes rather than consistent benefits (PMID:29596658; PMID:32900519; PMID:33480264). Findings vary by population, formulation, study design, and outcome, and one exercise study found blunted adaptations (PMID:23878368).

Beetroot products have shown small, context-dependent exercise signals in some studies, but results vary by population, product and protocol (PMID:42445795). Blood-pressure evidence in hypertensive adults is mixed and was considered insufficient for practice guidance (PMID:30870330).

Beta-alanine has a small overall exercise-related effect in a meta-analysis, with results influenced by exercise duration and stronger for capacity than performance outcomes (PMID:27797728). Evidence in women suggests a possible time-to-exhaustion signal, but certainty is very low and several pooled outcomes were unclear (PMID:42370349).

In adults aged 50 and older, recent reviews find no consistent added benefit of HMB alongside resistance exercise for muscle, strength, or fat outcomes (PMID:41934514; PMID:31484462). Some analyses report limited functional or fat-free-mass signals, but findings are uncertain because of bias, mixed results, and exercise-related differences (PMID:41305674; PMID:33034021).

Urolithin A has mixed human evidence: some secondary endurance, strength and biomarker findings were favorable, while primary performance outcomes were not significant in two sponsor-linked trials (PMID:35050355; PMID:35584623). A review found no effects on anthropometrics, cardiovascular outcomes or physical function, and a small athlete trial found no significant strength improvement (PMID:39002645; PMID:39487653).

Evidence for glycine and sleep is limited: a 52-study review found small, high-bias healthy sleep studies and called for larger long-term trials (PMID:37851316). In a small, industry-affiliated sleep-restriction study, 3 g before bed for three nights reduced subjective fatigue and improved one vigilance measure, not insomnia treatment (PMID:22529837).

Evidence for L-citrulline shows small, context-dependent performance signals with low to very-low certainty, while dosing and target populations remain unestablished (PMID:42356270). Meta-analyses also report no significant aerobic or acute endurance benefit, despite limited signals for lower perceived exertion and 24-hour soreness (PMID:36079738; PMID:33308806; PMID:37155582).